TC Affiliations:
Educational Background
Scholarly Interests
Alex J. Bowers is a Professor of Education Leadership at Teachers College, Columbia University, where he works to help school leaders use the data that they already collect in schools in more effective ways to help direct the limited resources of schools and districts to specific student needs. His research focuses on the intersection of effective school and district leadership, organization and HR, data driven decision making, student grades and test scores, student persistence and dropouts. His work also considers the influence of school finance, facilities, and technology on student achievement. Professor Bowers studies these domains through the application of data science, and big data analytics, such as data visualization analytics, multilevel and growth mixture modeling, and cluster analysis heatmap data dashboards. He earned his Ph.D. in K12 Educational Administration from Michigan State University, and previous to teaching and education research, spent a decade as a cancer researcher in the biotechnology industry, with a M.S. in Biochemistry, Microbiology and Molecular Biology, and a B.S. in Biochemistry. Professor Bowers is the recipient of multiple awards, including being the first person to win both the AERA Emerging Scholar Award for Division A (Administration, Organization and Leadership), and the UCEA Jack A. Culbertson Award for outstanding early faculty research, both in 2012. He was named an Outstanding Reviewer of the Year for the journals American Educational Research Journal (2009), Educational Administration Quarterly (2012 & 2016) and the Journal of Educational Administration (2018). Professor Bowers is an affiliate of the Data Science Institute (DSI) at Columbia University, launched the first course offered in applied data science at Teachers College, is a faculty advisor to the Harvard Strategic Data Project, an Associate Editor of the journal Educational Administration Quarterly, and currently serves on the editorial boards of the journals American Educational Research Journal and the Journal of Educational Administration. His research has been funded through multiple funders, including the National Science Foundation (NSF), The Wallace Foundation, The Spencer Foundation, and the Robertson Foundation. In 2019, Professor Bowers served as a Thomas J. Alexander Fellow at the OECD headquarters (Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development) in Paris, France.
Research Group Webpage: http://www.tc.columbia.edu/elda/
Link to full CV
Selected Publications
Google Scholar Profile: http://scholar.google.com/citations?user=aniaFJ4AAAAJ
2024 $1.5 Million Granted to Data Equity Project from TC’s Alex Bowers. https://www.tc.columbia.edu/articles/2024/february/15-million-granted-to-data-equity-project-from-tcs-alex-bowers/
2023 Why Data Management is Crucial to Equity. Teachers College, Columbia University. https://www.tc.columbia.edu/articles/2023/september/why-data-management-is-crucial-to-equity/
2023 Alex Bowers: Data Analytics in Education - The 4A’s: Accurate, Accessible, Actionable, Accountable. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NGLX2oInNYg
2023 AI Hype, Classroom Experiments and an Educator's Dilemma with Alex Bowers. Teachers College, Columbia University, Digital Futures Institute (DFI) https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7bTnyxnHvTY
2021 Early Warning Systems and Indicators of Dropping out of Upper Secondary School: The Emerging Role of Digital Technologies. Session: Improving Educational Equity and Inclusion with Technology, OECD Conference on Digital Education for a Strong Recovery. https://youtu.be/EVKjXVZ4IB0?t=1198
2021 The DatabasED Podcast: Alex Bowers on Data Use and Relationships: Data Cannot Speak for Itself, INsite Podcasts. https://open.spotify.com/episode/0xJC3b04RD9D6pfsqkOtgZ?si=LM_O_n4WTuSss35ZDMMaHA
2021 K-12 Early Warning Systems and Decision Making in Education: Considering Issues of Algorithmic Accuracy and Openness. Keynote talk at 2021 Association for the Advancement of Artificial Intelligence (AAAI) AI for K-12 Education Conference: Talk Video@Youtube https://youtu.be/Hj7vWt6-OeY?t=1 Talk Video@Bilibili https://www.bilibili.com/video/BV1qK4y1T7Kp
2020 National Science Foundation sponsored event at the Teachers College, Columbia University Smith Learning Theater bringing together education data science and educator data use to build collaborative data analysis and visualizations to improve practice: https://www.tc.columbia.edu/articles/2020/january/how-education-data-can-help-teachers-raise-their-game/
2018 Education Leadership Data Analytics Summit 2018: Learning Theater Spotlight. June 8, 2018. https://vimeo.com/384874626
Bowers, A.J. (Editor). (2021) Data Visualization, Dashboards, and Evidence Use in Schools: Data Collaborative Workshop Perspectives of Educators, Researchers, and Data Scientists. Teachers College, Columbia University. New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.7916/d8-jj2g-e225
Bowers, A.J., Shoho, A.R., Barnett, B.G. (2015) Challenges and Opportunities of Educational Leadership Research and Practice: The State of the Field and Its Multiple Futures - International Research on School Leadership Volume 6. Charlotte, NC: Information Age Publishing Inc. ISBN: 9781681232744 (Amazon.com)
Bowers, A.J., Shoho, A.R., Barnett, B.G. (2014). Using Data in Schools to Inform Leadership and Decision Making -International Research on School Leadership Volume 5. Charlotte, NC: Information Age Publishing Inc. ISBN: 978-1623967864 (Amazon.com)
Barnett, B.G., Shoho, A.R., Bowers, A.J. (2013). School and District Leadership in an Era of Accountability -International Research on School Leadership Volume 4. Charlotte, NC: Information Age Publishing Inc. ISBN: 9781623963828 ( Amazon.com )
Biographical Information
Alex J. Bowers is a Professor of Education Leadership at Teachers College, Columbia University, where he works to help school leaders use the data that they already collect in schools in more effective ways to help direct the limited resources of schools and districts to specific student needs. His research focuses on the intersection of effective school and district leadership, organization and HR, data driven decision making, student grades and test scores, student persistence and dropouts. His work also considers the influence of school finance, facilities, and technology on student achievement. Professor Bowers studies these domains through the application of data science, and big data analytics, such as data visualization analytics, multilevel and growth mixture modeling, and cluster analysis heatmap data dashboards. He earned his Ph.D. in K12 Educational Administration from Michigan State University, and previous to teaching and education research, spent a decade as a cancer researcher in the biotechnology industry, with a M.S. in Biochemistry, Microbiology and Molecular Biology, and a B.S. in Biochemistry. Professor Bowers is the recipient of multiple awards, including being the first person to win both the AERA Emerging Scholar Award for Division A (Administration, Organization and Leadership), and the UCEA Jack A. Culbertson Award for outstanding early faculty research, both in 2012. He was named an Outstanding Reviewer of the Year for the journals American Educational Research Journal (2009), Educational Administration Quarterly (2012 & 2016) and the Journal of Educational Administration (2018). Professor Bowers is an affiliate of the Data Science Institute (DSI) at Columbia University, launched the first course offered in applied data science at Teachers College, is a faculty advisor to the Harvard Strategic Data Project, an Associate Editor of the journal Educational Administration Quarterly, and currently serves on the editorial boards of the journals American Educational Research Journal and the Journal of Educational Administration. His research has been funded through multiple funders, including the National Science Foundation (NSF), The Wallace Foundation, and the Robertson Foundation. In 2019, Professor Bowers served as a Thomas J. Alexander Fellow at the OECD headquarters (Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development) in Paris, France.
Research Group Webpage: http://www.tc.columbia.edu/elda/
Grants
2021 - 2027 Comprehensive Assessment of Leadership for Learning for Equity-Centered Leadership (CALL-ECL). Granting Agency: The Wallace Foundation, Equity-Centered Pipeline Initiative. https://call-ecl.wceruw.org/
2024-2025 Developing a Community-Based Model for Equitable AI Practices in Education Settings. Co-PI with University of Washington, Boston College, Lahore University of Management Sciences. Granting Agency: The Spencer Foundation.
2016 - 2021 Building Community and Capacity for Data-Intensive Evidence-Based Decision Making in Schools and Districts. Granting Agency: National Science Foundation (NSF), Directorate for Education and Human Resources (EHR), Division of Graduate Education (NSF DGE-1560720) http://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1560720
2015 - 2018 Using Big Data to Investigate Longitudinal Education Outcomes through Visual Analytics. Granting Agency: National Science Foundation (NSF), Directorate for Computer & Information Science & Engineering (CISE), Division of Information & Intelligent Systems (NSF IIS-1546653) http://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1546653
2015 - 2016 Developing a Longitudinal School District Effectiveness Identification System in Idaho. Education Northwest.
2014 -2016 A Data-Intensive Exploration of the Links between SES and STEM Learning. Granting Agency: National Science Foundation (NSF), Directorate for Education and Human Resources (EHR), Division of Research on Learning, Data-Intensive Research to Improve Teaching and Learning (NSF DRL-1418333) http://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1418332
2014 - 2016 Elaborating Data Intensive Research Methods through Researcher-Practitioner Partnerships. Granting Agency: National Science Foundation (NSF), Directorate for Education and Human Resources (EHR), Division of Research on Learning (NSF DRL-1444621) http://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1444621
2009 - 2010 What do Teacher Assigned Grades Actually Assess? Analyzing Grades as Informative Academic and Non-Academic Data for Policy and School-Level Decision Making. Granting Agency: Jointly funded by the AERA Research Grants Program, National Science Foundation (NSF) and the National Center for Education Statistics (NCES) http://www.aera.net/Portals/38/docs/Professional_Development/Res_and_Dis_Grants_abstracts/Abs-RG-00033627.html
2007 - 2008 Examining the Relationship Among Principal Attributes, Teacher Quality, and Student Achievement in Texas. Granting Agency: The University of Texas Center for Collaborative Educational Research and Policy (UTCCERP). http://www.utaustinerc.org/print.php?pid=42
Honors and Awards
2018 Jeannine Rainbolt College of Education Endowed Lectureship, The University of Oklahoma
2017 Faculty Visitor Lectureship, The University of Hong Kong
Principal Publications
Journal Articles, Book Chapters, and Reports
Bowers, A.J. (in press) Data Science in Education Administration, Policy, and Practice. In AERA Handbook of Education Policy Research, 2nd Volume. Cohen-Vogel, L., Scott, J., Youngs, P. (Eds.). American Educational Research Association.
Ahn, J., Bowers, A.J., Welton, A.J. (in press) Leadership for Learning as an Organization-Wide Practice: Evidence on Its Multilevel Structure and Implications for Educational Leadership Practice and Research. International Journal of Leadership in Education. https://doi.org/10.1080/13603124.2021.1972162
Choi, H., Drago-Severson, E., Bowers, A.J. (in press) What Leadership Distribution Patterns were Associated with Teacher PLCs and Work Satisfaction? Educational Management Administration & Leadership. https://doi.org/10.1177/17411432231222720
Soncin, M., Bowers, A.J., Agasisti, T. (in press). A Global Perspective on School Leadership: Evidence from a Latent Class Analysis on OECD TALIS Data. Educational Management, Administration and Leadership. https://doi.org/10.1177/17411432241231902
Zhang, S., Long, R., & Bowers, A. J. (in press). Supporting Teacher Knowledge Sharing in China: The Effect of Principal Authentic Leadership, Teacher Psychological Empowerment and Interactional Justice. Educational Management Administration & Leadership. https://doi.org/10.1177/17411432221120330
Zhang, W., Bowers, A.J., Shilong, P. (in press) Promoting Teacher Knowledge Sharing in China: The Fostering Roles of Authentic Leadership, Reciprocity Norms, and Organizational Trust. Educational Management Administration & Leadership. https://doi.org/10.1177/17411432231199573
Ahn, J., Bowers, A.J. (2024) Do Teacher Beliefs Mediate Leadership and Teacher Behaviors?: Testing Teacher Self-Efficacy's Mediation Role Between Leadership for Learning and Teacher Outcomes. Journal of Educational Administration, 62(2), p. 197-222. https://doi.org/10.1108/JEA-12-2022-0227 (Preprint available)
Bowers, A.J., Molle, D., Choi, Y., Halverson, H. (2024) Tracking the Indicators of Opportunity. Principal Magazine, NAESP, Vol 103(3) Jan/Feb, p.38-39. https://www.naesp.org/resource/tracking-the-indicators-of-opportunity/
Baker, R.S, Bosch, N., Hutt, S., Zambrano, A.F., Bowers, A.J. (2024) On Fixing the Right Problems in Predictive Analytics: AUC Is Not the Problem. Penn Center for Learning Analytics, University of Pennsylvania. https://learninganalytics.upenn.edu/ryanbaker/AUC-is-not-the-problem.pdf
Choi, Y., Bowers, A.J. (2024). How teachers perceive the impact of teacher feedback: A latent class analysis. Education Policy Analysis Archives, 32. https://doi.org/10.14507/epaa.32.8464
Bowers, A.J., Choi, Y. (2023) Building School Data Equity, Infrastructure, and Capacity Through FAIR Data Standards: Findable, Accessible, Interoperable, Reusable. Educational Researcher, 52(7), p. 450-458. https://doi.org/10.3102/0013189X231181103
Bowers, A.J., Monroe, E.C. (2023) Using Hierarchical Linear Growth Modeling to Identify Longitudinally Outperforming School Districts in the United States, 2009-2013. Leadership and Policy in Schools, 22(2), p.438-462. https://doi.org/10.1080/15700763.2021.1977330
Bowers, A.J., Zhao, Y., & Ho, E. (2022). Towards Hierarchical Cluster Analysis Heatmaps as Visual Data Analysis of Entire Student Cohort Longitudinal Trajectories and Outcomes from Grade 9 through College. The High School Journal, 106(1), 5-36. https://doi.org/10.1353/hsj.2022.a906700. (Preprint available)
HCA Heatmap Shiny R web application: https://ohrice.shinyapps.io/Heatmap/
HCA Heatmap open access Shiny R application code: https://doi.org/10.7916/cqvn-9t71
HCA Heatmap open access R code tutorial: https://doi.org/10.7916/r1mg-yn37
Duff, M., Bowers, A.J. (2022) Identifying a Typology of New York City Schools Through Teacher Perceptions of Organizational Capacity: A Latent Class Analysis. Leadership and Policy in Schools, 21(4), p.791-815. https://doi.org/10.1080/15700763.2020.1854789
San Pedro, M. O. Z., Baker, R. S., Bowers, A. J., & Heffernan, N. T. (2022). Exploring Selective College Attendance and Middle School Cognitive and Non-cognitive Factors Within Computer-Based Math Learning. In Social and Emotional Learning and Complex Skills Assessment (pp. 217-247). Springer, Cham.
Bowers, A.J., Choi, Y., Shi, H., Sun, F., Sun, H., Williams, J., Weeks, S. (2022) Mapping 16 Equity Indicators to the New York City Schools Public Datasets: Access, Opportunity, and Outcomes. Teachers College, Columbia University. New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.7916/a143-aq05. Open access R Markdown code for all figures: https://doi.org/10.7916/q2zr-qd07
Nitkin, D., Ready, D., Bowers, A.J. (2022) Utilizing Hierarchical Cluster Analysis and Heatmaps to Explore and Visualize Data Generated by a Technology-Based, Personalized Instructional Model. Frontiers in Education, 7:646471. https://doi.org/10.3389/feduc.2022.646471
Bowers, A.J. (Ed.). (2021) Data Visualization, Dashboards, and Evidence Use in Schools: Data Collaborative Workshop Perspectives of Educators, Researchers, and Data Scientists. Teachers College, Columbia University. New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.7916/d8-jj2g-e225
Bowers, A.J. (2021) Early Warning Systems and Indicators of Dropping Out of Upper Secondary School: The Emerging Role of Digital Technologies. OECD Digital Education Outlook 2021: Pushing the Frontiers with Artificial Intelligence, Blockchain and Robots, Chapter 9, p.173-194. OECD Publishing, Paris. https://doi.org/10.1787/589b283f-en Link to individual chapter: https://www.oecd-ilibrary.org/sites/c8e57e15-en/index.html?itemId=/content/component/c8e57e15-en
Bowers, A.J., Krumm, A.E. (2021) Supporting Evidence-Based Improvement Cycles Through a Data-Intensive Partnership. Information and Learning Sciences, 112(9/10) 629-650. https://doi.org/10.1108/ILS-09-2020-0212. (Preprint available)
Zhang, S., Bowers, A.J., Mao, Y. (2021) Authentic Leadership and Teachers’ Voice Behavior: The Mediating Role of Psychological Empowerment and Moderating Role of Interpersonal Trust. Educational Management Administration & Leadership, 49(5), 768-785. https://doi.org/10.1177/1741143220915925
Bowers, A.J. (2020) Examining a Congruency-Typology Model of Leadership for Learning using Two-Level Latent Class Analysis with TALIS 2018. Organisation for Economic Co-Operation and Development (OECD) Publishing: Paris, France. https://doi.org/10.1787/c963073b-en
Jorion, N., Roberts, J., Bowers, A.J., Tissenbaum, M., Lyons, L., Kuma, V., Berland, M. (2020) Uncovering Patterns in Constructionist Collaborative Learning Activities via Cluster Analysis of Museum Exhibit Log Files. Frontline Learning Research, 8(6), p.77-87. https://doi.org/10.14786/flr.v8i6.597
Snodgrass Rangel, V., Vaval, L., Bowers, A.J. (2020) Investigating Underrepresented and First-Generation College Students’ Science and Math Motivational Beliefs: A Nationally-Representative Study Using Latent Profile Analysis. Science Education, 104(6), p.1041-1070. https://doi.org/10.1002/sce.21593
Zhou, X., Bowers, A.J. (2020) A Typology of Parental Involvement in Student Experience: A Latent Class Analysis. The High School Journal, 103(2), p.99-131. https://doi.org/10.1353/hsj.2020.0005 (Preprint available)
Bowers, A.J., Bang, A., Pan, Y., Graves, K.E. (2019) Education Leadership Data Analytics (ELDA): A White Paper Report on the 2018 ELDA Summit. Teachers College, Columbia University: New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.7916/d8-31a0-pt97
Bowers, A.J., Zhou, X. (2019) Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) Area Under the Curve (AUC): A Diagnostic Measure for Evaluating the Accuracy of Predictors of Education Outcomes. Journal of Education for Students Placed at Risk, 24(1) p. 20-46. https://doi.org/10.1080/10824669.2018.1523734 (Preprint available) Online Supplement R Code: https://doi.org/10.7916/D8K94RDD
Bowers, A.J. (2019) Towards Measures of Different and Useful Aspects of Schooling: Why Schools Need Both Teacher Assigned Grades and Standardized Assessments. In Brookhart, S., McMillian, T. (Eds.) Classroom Assessment as Educational Measurement. National Council on Measurement in Education (NCME) Book Series (p.209-223). New York: Routledge. (Preprint available)
Bowers, A.J. (2019) Report Card Grades and Educational Outcomes. In Guskey, T., Brookhart, S. (Eds.) What We Know About Grading: What Works, What Doesn't, and What's Next, (p.32-56). Alexandria, VA: Association for Supervision and Curriculum Development. (Preprint available)
Agasisti, T., Bowers, A.J., Soncin, M. (2019) School Principals’ Leadership Styles and Students’ Achievement in the Italian Context: Empirical Results from a Three-Step Latent Class Analysis. Educational Management Administration & Leadership, 47(6) p. 860-886. https://doi.org/10.1177/1741143218768577
Davis, B., Bowers, A.J. (2019) Examining the Career Pathways of Educators with Superintendent Certification. Educational Administration Quarterly, 55(1) p. 3-41. https://doi.org/10.1177/0013161X18785872 (Preprint available)
Urick, A., Bowers, A.J. (2019) How Teacher and Principal Perceptions Influence Instructional Leadership Internationally: A Multilevel Factor Analysis of TALIS 2008. Leadership and Policy in Schools, 18(3) p. 249-269 https://doi.org/10.1080/15700763.2017.1384499
Vaval, L., Bowers, A.J., Snodgrass Rangel, V. (2019) Identifying a Typology of High Schools Based on Their Orientation Toward STEM: A Latent Class Analysis of HSLS:09. Science Education, 103(5) p. 1151-1175 http://doi.org/10.1002/sce.21534 (Preprint available)
Singh, L., Deshpande, A., Zhou, W., Banerjee, A., Bowers, A.J., Friedler, S., Jagadish, H.V., Karypis, G., Obradovic, Z., Vullikanti, A., Zuo, W. (2019) NSF BIGDATA PI Meeting - Domain-Specific Research Directions and Data Sets. Association for Computing Machinery (ACM) SIGMOD Record, 47(3), 32-35. http://doi.org/10.1145/3316416.3316425
Bowers, A.J., Ni, X., Esswein, J. (2018) Using Hierarchical Growth Modeling to Promote District Systematic Improvement in Ohio and Texas. In Shaked, H., Schechter, C., Daly, A. (Eds.) Leading Holistically: How Schools, Districts, and States Improve Systemically (p.77-100). New York: Routledge. (Preprint Available)
Bowers, A.J. (2018) Dropouts. In Frey, B. (Ed.), The SAGE Encyclopedia of Educational Research, Measurement, and Evaluation (p.549-550). Thousand Oaks, CA: SAGE Publications.
Graves, K.E., Bowers, A.J. (2018) Toward a Typology of Technology-Using Teachers in the "New Digital Divide": A Latent Class Analysis (LCA) of the NCES Teachers' Use of Educational Technology in U.S. Public Schools, 2009 (FRSS 95). Teachers College Record, 120(8), p.1-42. https://doi.org/10.1177/016146811812000808 (Preprint available)
Boyce, J., Bowers, A.J. (2018) Towards an Evolving Conceptualization of Instructional Leadership as Leadership for Learning: Meta-Narrative Review of 109 Quantitative Studies Across 25 Years. Journal of Educational Administration, 56(2), p.161-182 https://doi.org/10.1108/JEA-06-2016-0064 ( Preprint available ) - Outstanding Paper Award 2018, Journal of Educational Administration, Emerald Publishing.
Boyce, J., Bowers, A.J. (2018) Different Levels of Leadership for Learning: Investigating Differences Between Teachers Individually and Collectively Using Multilevel Factor Analysis of the 2011-12 Schools and Staffing Survey. International Journal of School Leadership, 21(2), p. 197-225 http://doi.org/10.1080/13603124.2016.1139187 ( Preprint available )
Bowers, A.J. (2017) Quantitative Research Methods Training in Education Leadership and Administration Preparation Programs as Disciplined Inquiry for Building School Improvement Capacity. Journal of Research on Leadership Education, 12(1), p. 72-96. http://doi.org/10.1177/1942775116659462 ( Preprint available )
Bowers, A.J., Blitz, M., Modeste, M., Salisbury, J., Halverson, R. (2017) Is There a Typology of Teacher and Leader Responders to CALL, and Do They Cluster in Different Types of Schools? A Two-Level Latent Class Analysis of CALL Survey Data. Teachers College Record, 119(4). https://doi.org/10.1177/016146811711900408 ( Preprint available )
Agasisti, T., Bowers, A.J. (2017) Data Analytics and Decision-Making in Education: Towards the Educational Data Scientist as a Key Actor in Schools and Higher Education Institutions. In Johnes, G., Johnes, J., Agasisti, T., López-Torres, L. (Eds.) Handbook of Contemporary Education Economics (p.184-210). Cheltenham, UK: Edward Elgar Publishing. (Preprint Available)
Davis, B.W., Gooden, M.A., Bowers, A.J. (2017) Pathways to the Principalship: An Event History Analysis of the Careers of Teachers with Administrator Certification. American Educational Research Journal, 54(2), p.207-240. http://journals.sagepub.com/doi/abs/10.3102/0002831216687530 ( Preprint available )
Wang, Y., Bowers, A.J., Fikis, D. (2017) Automated Text Data Mining Analysis of Five Decades of Educational Leadership Research Literature: Probabilistic Topic Modeling of EAQ Articles from 1965 to 2014. Educational Administration Quarterly, 53(2), p. 289-323 http://doi.org/10.1177/0013161X16660585. ( Preprint available )
Brookhart, S., Guskey, T., Bowers, A.J., McMillan, J. Smith, L. Smith, J., Welsh, M. (2016) One Hundred Years of Grading Research: Meaning and Value in the Most Common Educational Measure. Review of Educational Research, 86(4), p. 803-848 http://doi.org/10.3102/0034654316672069. ( Preprint available )
Boyce, J., Bowers, A.J. (2016) Principal Turnover: Are there Different Types of Principals Who Move From or Leave Their Schools? A Latent Class Analysis of the 2007-08 Schools and Staffing Survey and the 2008-09 Principal Follow-up Survey. Leadership and Policy in Schools, 15(3), p.237-272. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/15700763.2015.1047033. ( Preprint available )
Wang, Y., Bowers, A.J. (2016) Mapping the Field of Educational Administration Research: A Journal Citation Network Analysis of the Discipline. Journal of Educational Administration, 54(3), p.242-269. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/JEA-02-2015-0013 ( Preprint available )
Ni, X., Bowers, A.J., Esswein, J. (2016) What Counts in Calculating School and District Level Performance Index Scores: A Summary and Analysis of Academic Performance Index Metrics across the 50 States. Teachers College, Columbia University. http://dx.doi.org/10.7916/D86973RR
Bowers, A.J., Chen, J.(2015) Ask and Ye Shall Receive? Automated Text Mining of Michigan Capital Facility Finance Bond Election Proposals to Identify which Topics are Associated with Bond Passage and Voter Turnout. Journal of Education Finance, 41(2), p.164-196. ( Preprint available )
Bowers, A.J. (2015). Site Selection in School District Research: A Measure of Effectiveness Using Hierarchical Longitudinal Growth Models of Performance. School Leadership & Management, 35(1) p. 39-61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13632434.2014.962500 ( Preprint available )
Bowers, A.J., Shoho, A.R., Barnett, B.G (2015) The Multiple Futures of the Field of Educational Leadership Research and Practice – An Introduction. In A.J. Bowers, A.R. Shoho, B. G. Barnett (Eds.) Challenges and Opportunities of Educational Leadership Research and Practice: The State of the Field and Its Multiple Futures (p.1-14). Charlotte, NC: Information Age Publishing Inc. http://dx.doi.org/10.7916/D8JW8D90
Bowers, A. J., & White, B. R. (2014). Do Principal Preparation and Teacher Qualifications Influence Different Types of School Growth Trajectories in Illinois? A Growth Mixture Model Analysis. Journal of Educational Administration, 52(5), 705-736. doi: 10.1108/JEA-12-2012-0134 ( Preprint available )
Bowers, A. J., Shoho, A. R., & Barnett, B. G. (2014). Considering the Use of Data by School Leaders for Decision Making. In A. J. Bowers, A. R. Shoho & B. G. Barnett (Eds.), Using Data in Schools to Inform Leadership and Decision Making (p.1-16). Charlotte, NC: Information Age Publishing. http://dx.doi.org/10.7916/D8862F32
Bowers, A.J. (2014). Bonds in School Financing. In Brewer, D.J., Picus, L.O. (Eds.), Encyclopedia of Education Economics and Finance (pp.83-86). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications.
Bowers, A.J. (2014). Student Risk Factors. In Brewer, D.J., Picus, L.O. (Eds.), Encyclopedia of Education Economics and Finance (pp. 624-627). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications.
Ingle, W.K., Bowers, A.J., Davis, T. (2014) Which School Districts Qualified for Federal School Facility Funding Under ARRA? Evidence from Ohio. Journal of Education Finance, 40(1), p.17-37. http://www.efc.gwu.edu/wp-content/uploads/2014/07/JEF_article_40-1_Ingle.pdf
Urick, A., Bowers, A.J. (2014) How does Principal Perception of Academic Climate Measure Up? The Impact of Principal Perceptions on Student Academic Climate and Achievement in High School. Journal of School Leadership, 24(2), 386-414. https://doi.org/10.1177/105268461402400207
Urick, A., Bowers, A.J. (2014) What are the Different Types of Principals Across the U.S.? A Latent Class Analysis of Principal Perception of Leadership. Educational Administration Quarterly, 50(1), 96-134. doi:10.1177/0013161X13489019. ( Preprint available )
Bowers, A.J., Lee, J. (2013) Carried or Defeated? Examining the Factors that Predict School District Bond Elections in Texas, 1998-2009. Educational Administration Quarterly,49(5), 732-767. doi: 10.1177/0013161X13486278 (Preprint available)
Bowers, A.J., Sprott, R., Taff, S.A. (2013) Do we Know Who Will Drop Out? A Review of the Predictors of Dropping out of High School: Precision, Sensitivity and Specificity. The High School Journal, 96(2), 77-100. doi:10.1353/hsj.2013.0000 (Preprint available)
Bowers, A.J., Berland, M. (2013) Does Recreational Computer Use Affect High School Achievement? Educational Technology Research & Development, 61(1), 51-69.doi:10.1007/s11423-012-9274-1 (Preprint available)
Barnett, B. G., Shoho, A. R., & Bowers, A. J. (2013). Introduction to Volume 4 of the International Research on School Leadership Book Series. In B. G. Barnett, A. R. Shoho & A. J. Bowers (Eds.), School and District Leadership in an Era of Accountability (p. 1-12). Charlotte, NC: Information Age Publishing Inc. http://dx.doi.org/10.7916/D8HQ3XJD
Bowers, A.J., Sprott, R. (2012) Why Tenth Graders Fail to Finish High School: A Dropout Typology Latent Class Analysis. The Journal of Education for Students Placed at Risk (JESPAR), 17(3), 129-148. doi:10.1080/10824669.2012.692071 (Preprint Available)
Bowers, A.J., Sprott, R. (2012) Examining the Multiple Trajectories Associated with Dropping Out of High School: A Growth Mixture Model Analysis. The Journal of Educational Research, 105(3), 176-195. doi:10.1080/00220671.2011.552075 ( Preprint Available )
Nunez, A.M., Bowers, A.J. (2011) Exploring What Leads High School Students to Enroll in Hispanic-Serving Institutions: A multilevel analysis. American Educational Research Journal, 48(6), 1286-1313. doi: 10.3102/0002831211408061
Bowers, A.J., Urick, A. (2011) Does High School Facility Quality Affect Student Achievement? A 2-Level Hierarchical Linear Model. Journal of Education Finance, 37(1), 72-94. (weblink) (Preprint Available)
Urick, A., Bowers, A.J. (2011) What Influences Principal Perception of Academic Climate? A Nationally Representative Study of the Direct Effects of Perception on Climate.Leadership and Policy in Schools, 10(3), 322-348. doi:10.1080/15700763.2011.57792(Preprint Available)
Bowers, A.J. (2011) What's in a Grade? The Multidimensional Nature of What Teacher Assigned Grades Assess in High School. Educational Research & Evaluation, 17(3), 141-159. doi: 10.1080/13803611.2011.597112 (Preprint available)
Bowers, A.J. (2010) Toward Addressing the Issues of Site Selection in District Effectiveness Research: A 2-Level Hierarchical Linear Growth Model. Educational Administration Quarterly,46(3), 395-425. doi:10.1177/0013161X10375271. (Preprint available)
Bowers, A.J. (2010) Analyzing the Longitudinal K-12 Grading Histories of Entire Cohorts of Students: Grades, Data Driven Decision Making, Dropping Out and Hierarchical Cluster Analysis. Practical Assessment, Research & Evaluation (PARE), 15(7), 1-18. https://doi.org/10.7275/r4zq-9c31 (Preprint available)
Bowers, A.J. (2010) Grades and Graduation: A Longitudinal Risk Perspective to Identify Student Dropouts. The Journal of Educational Research, 103(3), 191-207.doi:10.1080/00220670903382970 (Preprint available)
Bowers, A.J., Murakami-Ramalho, E. (2010) The Research Journal Club: Pedagogy of Research in the Preparation of Students in Educational Leadership. Journal of Research on Leadership Education, 5(10), 335-356. doi:10.1177/194277511000501001 (Preprint available)
Bowers, A.J., Metzger, S.A., Militello, M. (2010) Knowing What Matters: An Expanded Study of School Bond Elections in Michigan, 1998-2006. Journal of Education Finance, 35(4), 374-396. doi:10.1353/jef.0.0024 (Preprint available)
Bowers, A.J., Metzger, S.A., Militello, M. (2010) Knowing the Odds: Parameters that Predict Passing or Failing School District Bonds. Educational Policy,24(2), 398-420. doi:10.1177/0895904808330169
Militello, M., Gajda, R.H., Bowers, A.J. (2009) The Role of Accountability Policies and Alternative Certification on Principals' Perceptions of Leadership Preparation. Journal of Research on Leadership Education, 4(2), 30-66. doi:10.1177/194277510900400301
Printy, S., Marks, H.M., Bowers, A.J. (2009) Integrated Leadership: How Principals and Teachers Share Instructional Influence. Journal of School Leadership, 19(5), 504-532. (Preprint available)
Bowers, A.J. (2009) Reconsidering Grades as Data for Decision Making: More than Just Academic Knowledge. Journal of Educational Administration, 47(5), 609-629.Hudoi:10.1108/09578230910981080
Militello, M., Metzger S., Bowers, A.J. (2008) The High School "Space Race": Implications of a Market-Choice Policy Environment for a Michigan Metropolitan region. Education and Urban Society, 41(1), 26-54. Hudoi:10.1177/0013124508321358
Bowers, A.J. (2008) Promoting Excellence: Good to Great, NYC's District 2, and the Case of a High Performing School District, Leadership and Policy in Schools, 7(2), 154-177.doi:10.1080/15700760701681108 (Preprint available)
Molecular Biology (prior to 2005)U:
Bowers, A.J., Boylan, J.F. (2004). Nek8, a NIMA Family Kinase Member is Overexpressed in Primary Human Breast Tumors. Gene 328, 134-142. 
HUdoi:10.1016/j.gene.2003.12.002UH
Bowers, A.J., Scully, S., Boylan, J.F. (2003). SKIP3, a Novel Drosophila Tribbles Ortholog, is Overexpressed in Human Tumors and is Regulated by Hypoxia. Oncogene 22(18), 2823-35. HUdoi:10.1038/sj.onc.1206367U
Boylan, J.F., Sharp, D.M., Leffet, L., Pan, W., Bowers, A. (1999). Analysis of Site-Specific Phosphorylation of the Retinoblastoma Protein during Cell Cycle Progression. Experimental Cell Research 248, 110-114. HUdoi:10.1006/excr.1999.4389U
Pekker, Y., Beaudry, R.M., Wilson, I.D., Zhu, Y., Burmeister, D.M., Jianping, K., Poneleit, L., Walker, J., Gran, C.D., Miller, B., Dixon-Holland, D., Bowers, A., Dilley, D.R. (1993). Development of ELISA for 1-Aminocyclopropane-1-Carboxylate Oxidase. Proceedings from the Sixth International Controlled Atmosphere Research Conference, NRAES-71Vol. 2, 564-569.
Dilley, D.R., Jianping, K., Poneleit, L., Zhu, Y., Pekker, Y., Wilson, I.D., Burmeister, D.M., Gran, C., Bowers, A. (1993). Purification and Characterization of ACC Oxidase and Its Expression During Ripening in Apple Fruit. Cellular and Molecular Aspects of the Plant Hormone Ethylene: 46-52.
Peer Reviewed Edited Books:
Bowers, A.J., Shoho, A.R., Barnett, B.G. (Editors). (2015) Challenges and Opportunities of Educational Leadership Research and Practice: The State of the Field and Its Multiple Futures- International Research on School Leadership Volume 6. Charlotte, NC: Information Age Publishing Inc. ISBN: 9781681232744 (Amazon.com)
Bowers, A.J., Shoho, A.R., Barnett, B.G. (Editors). (2014). Using Data in Schools to Inform Leadership and Decision Making - International Research on School Leadership Volume 5. Charlotte, NC: Information Age Publishing Inc. ISBN: 978-1623967864 (Amazon.com)
Barnett, B.G., Shoho, A.R., Bowers, A.J. (Editors) (2013). School and District Leadership in an Era of Accountability - International Research on School Leadership Volume 4. Charlotte, NC: Information Age Publishing Inc. ISBN: 9781623963828 ( Amazon.com )
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