Tversky, Barbara (bt2158)

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Barbara Tversky

Professor Emerita of Psychology and Education

212-678-6669

Office Location:

551D GDodge

TC Affiliations:

Human Development
- Cognitive Science in Education
- Learning Analytics

Faculty Expertise:

The Brain and Cognition

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Vitae
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Educational Background

BA, MA, PhD Cognitive Psychology, University of Michigan

Scholarly Interests

Spatial language and thinking; event perception and cognition; joint action; diagram production and comprehension; gesture, diagram, and language for thinking and for communication, discovery, and design; creativity, design, art; Thinking Tools, Teaching Tools, Design Tools; memory, categorization; applications for and collaborations with HCI, AR and computer graphics; museum design; spatial thinking in the humanities; design; architecture.

Selected Publications

Tversky, B. (2019). Mind in Motion: How Action Shapes Thought. NY: Basic Books.

Koul, A., Soriano, M., Tversky, B., Becchio, C., and Cavallo, A. (2019). The kinematics that you do not expect: Integrating prior information and kinematics towards intention choice. Cognition,182, 213-219.

Tversky, B. (2019). Thinking about Space and Using Space to Think. ISIS

Tversky, B. (2018) Story-telling in the wild: Implications for data storytelling. In S. Carpendale, N. Diakopoulos, N. Henri-Riche, & C. Hurter (Editors). Data-Driven Storytelling. Pp. 17-57. NY: CRC Press.

Bach, B., Stefaner, M., Boy, J, Drucker, S., Bartram, L., Wood, J., Ciuccarelli, P., Engelhardt, Y., & Tversky, B. (2018). Narrative design patterns for data-driven storytelling. In S. Carpendale, N. Diakopoulos, N. Henri-Riche, & C. Hurter (Editors). Data-Driven Storytelling. Pp. 107-133. NY: CRC Press.

Tversky, B. (2018). Spatial biases in thought and judgment. In T. Hubbard, Editor, Spatial biases in perception and cognition. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

Tversky, B. (2018). Working with memory. In G. Rubin, Editor and Artist, Black Book. Pp. 62-65. London: Freud Museum.

Tversky, B. (2018). Embodied thought. In J. Brockman (Editor), This idea is brilliant. Pp. 424-425. NY: Harper Collins. Reprinted in Feuilleton of the Neue Zurcher Zeitung, January 5, 2017, p. 36.

Tversky, B. (2018). Seeing and knowing. Drawing Research Theory and Practice, 3, 123-126.

Tversky, B. (2018). Multiple models: In the mind and in the world. In C. Marras, O. Eide and P. Sahle (Editors), Models and Modelling between Digital and Humanities. A Multidisciplinary Perspective, Historical Social Research, Supplement 31, 59-65. doi: 10.12759/hsr.suppl.31.2018.59-65. ISSN: 0963-6784

Tversky, B. (2017). Diagrams: Cognitive foundations for design. In A. Black, P. Luna, O. Lunde, and S Walker (Editors), Information design: Research and practice. London: Routledge.

Wang, Y., Hartman, M. C., Jahromi, L. B., and Tversky, B. (2017). Better story recall by deaf children with unimodal communication. Journal of Developmental and Physical Disabilities. 29(5), 699-720. 10.1007/s10882-017-9551-3

Tversky, B. (2017). Thinking inside and outside. In L. Magnani and T. Bertolotti (Editors), Handbook of model-based science. NY: Springer.

Tversky, B. (2017). Shadow play. Spatial Cognition and Computation. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13875868.2017.1331442

Elvezio, C., Sukan, M., Feiner, S., & Tversky, B. (2017, March). Travel in large-scale head-worn VR: Pre-oriented teleportation with WIMs and previews. In Virtual Reality (VR), 2017 IEEE (pp. 475-476). IEEE.

Tversky, B. and Chow, T. (2017). Language and culture in visual narratives. Cognitive Semantics. 10.1515/cogsem-2017-0008

Tversky, B. (2016). Lines: Orderly and messy. In Y. Portugali and E. Stolk (Editors), Complexity, cognition, urban planning, and design. Dordrecht: Springer.

Kang, S. and Tversky, B. (2016). From hands to minds: Gestures promote understanding. Cognitive Research: Principles and Implications.

Tversky, B, Gao, J., Corter, J. E., Tanaka, Y., and Nickerson, J.V. (2016). People, place, and time: Inferences from diagrams. In M. Jamnik and Y. Uesaka (Editors), NY: Springer.

Tversky, B. (2015). On abstraction and ambiguity. In J. Gero (Editor), Studying visual and spatial reasoning for design. Pp. 215-223. NY: Springer.

Tversky, B. (2015). Perceiving, understanding, and remembering. In M. Monmonier, Editor. History of Cartography,Vol. 6: Cartography in the Twenty-first Century. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.

Tversky, B. (2015). The cognitive design of tools of thought. Review of Philosophy and Psychology. Special Issue on Pictorial and Diagrammatic Representation. 6, 99-116 DOI 10.1007/s13164-014-0214-3

Tversky, B. Heiser, J. and Morrison, J. (2013). Space, time, and story. In. B. H. Ross, Editor, The psychology of learning and motivation. Pp. 47-76. Oxford: Elsevier

Tversky, B. and Zacks, J. M. (2013). Event perception. In D. Riesberg (Editor), Oxford handbook of cognitive psychology. Pp. 83-94. Oxford: Oxford.

Tversky, B. (2012). Telling tales: Journeys. In V. Gyselinck, and F. Pazzaglia, (Editors). From mental imagery to spatial cognition and language: In honor of Michel Denis. Pp. 277-290. New York: Psychology Press.

Hard, B. M., Recchia, G., and Tversky, B. (2011). The shape of action. Journal of Experimental Psychology: General. doi: 10.1037/a0024310

Klingner, J., Tversky, B., and Hanrahan, P. (2011). Effects of visual and verbal presentation on cognitive load in vigilance, memory, and arithmetic tasks. Psychophysiology, 48, 323-332. DOI: 10.1111/j.1469-8986.2010.01069.x

Tversky, B. (2011). Visualizations of thought. Topics in Cognitive Science, 3, 499-535.

Tversky, B. (2011). Spatial thought, social thought. In T. Schubert and A. Maass(Editors), Spatial schemas in social thought. Berlin: Mouton de Gruyter.

Tversky, B., Zacks, J. M., Morrison, J. B., and Hard, B. M. (2010). Talking about events. In E. Pederson, J. Bohnemeyer, R. Tomlin (Editors), Event representation in language and cognition. Pp. 216-227. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

Tversky, B. and Hard, B. M. (2009). Embodied and disembodied cognition: Spatial perspective taking. Cognition, 110, 124-129.

Tversky, B., Zacks, J. M., and Hard, B. M. (2008). The structure of experience. In T. Shipley and J. M. Zacks (Editors), Understanding events. Pp. 436-464. Oxford: Oxford University.

Kessell, A. M. and Tversky, B. (2008). Cognitive methods for visualizing space, time, and agents. In G. Stapleton, J. Howse, and J. Lee (Editors), Theory and application of diagrams. Dordrecht, NL: Springer.

Tversky, B. (2007). Gestalts of thought. In L. Albertazzi (Editor), Visual thought. Pp. 155-163. Amsterdam: Benjamins.

Heiser, J. and Tversky, B. (2006). Arrows in comprehending and producing mechanical diagrams. Cognitive Science, 30, 581-592.

Tversky, B. (2005). Visuospatial reasoning. In K. Holyoak and R. Morrison (Editors). The Cambridge handbook of thinking and reasoning. Pp. 209-241. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

Tversky, B. (2005). Visualizing science. In. J. K. Gilbert (Editor). Visualizations in science education. Boston: Kluwer.

Tversky, B. (2004). Narratives of space, time, and life. Mind and Language, 19, 380-392.

(full publication list see Vitae)

Honors and Awards

American Academy of Arts and Sciences

Fellow, American Psychological Society

Fellow, Cognitive Science Society

Society of Experimental Psychology

Fellow, Russell-Sage Foundation

Fellow, Eastern Psychological Association

Phi Beta Kappa Excellence in Teaching Award

Distinguished Software Award, EDUCOM/NCRIPTAL

Professional Experiences

1968-1970     Lecturer, Department of Psychology, Hebrew University
1970-1971     NIMH Postdoctoral Fellowship, Psychology, Stanford University
1971-1972     Postdoctoral Research, Psychology, University of Oregon
1972-1977     Lecturer, Department of Psychology, Hebrew University
1974                Visiting Associate Professor, Psychology, University of Michigan
1977-1978     Visiting Scholar, Psychology, Stanford University
1978-1986     Senior Lecturer, Psychology, Stanford University
1986-1991    Associate Professor, Psychology, Stanford University
1991-2006      Professor, Psychology, Stanford University
2006-               Professor Emerita of Psychology, Stanford University
2005-               Professor of Psychology and Education, Columbia Teachers College

Professional Organization Membership

National and International Committees:

President, Association for Psychological Science (2018 Elect; 2019 President; 2020 Past President)

Executive Committee, International Union of Psychological Sciences, 2004-2012
Governing Board: Psychonomic Society, 2001-2007
Governing Board: Cognitive Science Society, 2003-2009
U. S. National Committee of National Academy of Sciences 2001-2012
U. S. Head Delegate to the International Union of Psychological Sciences, 2004
U. S Delegate to the International Union of Psychological Sciences, 2002
Board of Trustees, WonderFest
Board, Federation of Behavioral, Psychological, and Cognitive Sciences, 2001-2007
Member, National Academy of Sciences Committee, “Support for Thinking Spatially.”
Member, National Academy of Sciences Committee, “Visualization of Uncertain Data.”

Editorial Boards:

European Journal of Cognitive Psychology (2001-2005). Associate Editor
Cognitive Processing (1999- )
Spatial Cognition and Computation (1997- )
Cognitive Psychology (1995-2002), Associate Editor
Memory and Cognition (1989-2001)
Journal of Experimental Psychology: General (1982-1988)
Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory and Cognition (1976-1982)
Psychological Research (1976-1984)

Publications

See Selected Publications for more recent work

2012:

Tom, A. C. & Tversky, B. (2012). Remembering routes: Streets and landmarks. Applied Cognitive Psychology, 26, 182-193.

2011:

Klingner, J., Tversky, B., and Hanrahan, P. (2011). Effects of visual and verbal presentation on cognitive load in vigilance, memory, and arithmetic tasks. Psychophysiology, 48, 323-332. DOI: 10.1111/j.1469-8986.2010.01069.x

Kessell, A. M. and Tversky, B. (2011).Visualizing space, time, and agents: Production, performance, and preference. Cognitive Processing, 12, 43-52. DOI: 10.1007/s10339-010-0379-3.

Tversky, B. (2011).Tools for thought. In B. Benedetti and V. Cook(Editors), Language and bilingual cognition. Pp. 131-139. New York: Psychology Press.

Hard, B. M., Recchia, G., and Tversky, B. (2011). The shape of action. Journal of Experimental Psychology: General. doi: 10.1037/a0024310

Tversky, B. (2011). Visualizing thought. Topics in Cognitive Science, 3, 499-535.

Tversky, B. (2011). Spatial thought, social thought. In T. Schubert and A. Maass(Editors), Spatial schemas in social thought. Berlin: Mouton de Gruyter.

2010:

Tversky, B. (2010).Spaces of Thought. In W. Christensen, E. Schier, and J. Sutton (Eds.), ASCS09: Proceedings of the 9th Conference of the AustralasianSociety for Cognitive Science (pp. 343-347). Sydney: Macquarie Centre for Cognitive Science.DOI: 10.5096/ASCS200952

Tversky, B., Zacks, J. M., Morrison, J. B., and Hard, B. M. (2010). Talking about events. In E. Pederson, J. Bohnemeyer, R. Tomlin (Editors), Event representation in language and cognition. Pp. 216-227. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

Nickerson, J.V., Tversky, B., Corter, J. E., Yu, L., and Mason, D. (2010). Thinking with networks. Proceedings of the 32nd Annual Conference of the Cognitive Science Society. Portland, August.

Yu, L., Nickerson, J.V. and Tversky, B., (2010). Discovering perceptions of personal social networks through diagrams. In A.K. Goel, M. Jamnik, and N. H. Narayanan (Editors). Diagrammatic representation and inference. Pp. 352-354. Berlin: Springer.

Zahner, D., Nickerson, J., Tversky, B., Corter, J., and Ma, J. (2010). A fix for fixation? Re-representing and abstracting as creative processes in the design of information systems. AIDEM, 24, 231-244.

Tversky, B. and Chou, J. Y. (2010). Creativity: Depth and breadth. In Y. Nagai (Editor). Design creativity. Dordrecht, Netherlands: Springer.

2009:

Tversky, B. and Hard, B. M. (2009). Embodied and disembodied cognition: Spatial perspective taking. Cognition, 110, 124-129.

Corter, J. E., Rho, Y-J, Zahner, D., Nickerson, J. V. and Tversky, B. (2009). Bugs and biases: Diagnosing misconceptions in the understanding of diagrams. In Proceedings of the Cognitive Science Society.

Tversky, B., Heiser, J., Lee, P. and Daniel, M.-P. (2009). Explanations in gesture, diagram, and word. In K. R. Coventry, T. Tenbrink, & J. A. Bateman (Editors), Spatial Language and dialogue. Pp. 119-131.Oxford: Oxford University Press.

Tversky, B. and Suwa, M. (2009). Thinking with sketches. In A. B. Markman and K. L. Wood (Editors), Tools for innovation. Oxford: Oxford University Press.

Nickerson, J.V., Zahner, D., Corter, J.E., Tversky, B., Yu, L., and Rho, Y.J. (2009). Matching mechanisms to situations through the wisdom of the crowd, Proceedings of the International Conference on Information Systems.

2008:

Tversky, B., Zacks, J. M., and Hard, B. M. (2008). The structure of experience. In T. Shipley and J. M. Zacks (Editors), Understanding events. Pp. 436-464. Oxford: Oxford University.

Nickerson, J V., Corter, J, Tversky, B, Zahner, D, and Rho, YJ: (2008). Diagrams as a tool in the design of information systems. In J. S. Gero and A. Goel (Eds.), Design computing and cognition '08. Pp. 103-122. Dordrecht, Netherlands: Springer.

Tversky, B., Corter, J. E., Nickerson, J. V., Zahner, D., and Rho, Y. J. (2008). Transforming descriptions and diagrams to sketches in information system design. In G. Stapleton, J. Howse, and J. Lee (Editors), Theory and application of diagrams. Dordrecht, NL: Springer.

Nickerson, J. V., Corter, J. E., Tversky, B., Zahner, D., and Rho, Y-J. (2008). The spatial nature of thought: Understanding information systems design through diagrams. In Boland, R., Limayem, M., and Pentland, B. (Editors). Proceedings of the 29th International Conference on Information Systems.

Kessell, A. M. and Tversky, B. (2008). Cognitive methods for visualizing space, time, and agents. In G. Stapleton, J. Howse, and J. Lee (Editors), Theory and application of diagrams. Dordrecht, NL: Springer.

Tversky, B. (2008). Spatial cognition: Situated and embodied. In P. Robbins and M. Aydede (Editor). Cambridge handbook of situated cognition. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

Corter, J. E., Nickerson, J.V., Tversky, B., Zahner, D., and Rho, Y. (2008). Using diagrams to design information systems. In B. C. Love, K. McRae, and V. M. Sloutsky (Eds.), Proceedings of the 30th Annual Conference of the Cognitive Science Society, (pp. 2259--2264). Austin, TX: Cognitive Science Society.

2007:

Tversky, B., Agrawala, M., Heiser, J., Lee, P. U., Hanrahan, P., Phan, D., Stolte, C., Daniel, M.-P. (2007). Cognitive design principles for generating visualizations. In G. Allen (Editor). Applied spatial cognition: From research to cognitive technology. Pp. 53-73. Mahwah, NJ: Erlbaum.

Tversky, B., Agrawala, M., Heiser, J., Lee, P. U., Hanrahan, P., Phan, D., Stolte, C., Daniele, M.-P. (2007). Cognitive design principles: From cognitive models to computer models. In L. Magnani (Editor). Model-based reasoning in science and engineering. Pp. 1-20. London: King's College.

Tversky, B. (2007). Gestalts of thought. In L. Albertazzi (Editor), Visual thought. Pp. 155-163. Amsterdam: Benjamins.

Tversky, B., Heiser, J., MacKenzie, R., Lozano, S., and Morrison, J. B. (2007). Enriching animations. In R. Lowe and W. Schnotz, Learning with animation: Research implications for design. NY: Cambridge University Press.

Tversky, B. (2007). Gestalts of thought. In B. Choksi and C. Najaran (Editors). Research trends in science, technology, and mathematics education. Mumbai: Macmillan India.

Kim, S., Yoon, M., Whang, S., Tversky, B., & Morrison, J. (2007). The effect of animation on comprehension and interest. Journal of Computer Assisted Learning, 23(3), 260-270.

2006:

Heiser, J. and Tversky, B. (2006). Arrows in comprehending and producing mechanical diagrams. Cognitive Science, 30, 581-592.

Kessell, A. M. and Tversky, B. (2006). Using gestures and diagrams to think and talk about insight problems.Proceedings of the Meetings of the Cognitive Science Society.

Hard, B. M., Tversky, B., and Lang, D. (2006). Making sense of abstract events: Building event schemas. Memory and Cognition, 34, 1221-1235.

Committee on Support for Thinking Spatially (including Tversky, B.). (2006). Learning to think spatially. Washington, D. C.: The National Academies Press.

2005:

Tversky, B. (2005). Some ways images express and promote thought. In P. Grialou, G. Longo, and M. Okada (Editors), Image and reasoning. Pp. 15-29. Tokyo: Keio University Press.

Marsh, E. J., Tversky, B., and Hutson, M. (2005).How eyewitnesses talk about events: Implications for memory. Applied Cognitive Psychology, 19, 1-14.

Tversky, B. (2005). Embodied and disembodied cognition. In A. Berthoz, and R. Recht (Editors). Les Espaces de l'Homme. Pp. 161-184. Paris: Odile Jacob.

Tversky, B. (2005). Functional significance of visuospatial representations. In P. Shah & A. Miyake (Editors.), Handbook of higher-level visuospatial thinking. Pp. 1-34. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

Tversky, B. (2005). Visuospatial reasoning. In K. Holyoak and R. Morrison (Editors). The Cambridge handbook of thinking and reasoning. Pp. 209-241. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

Zacks, J. M. and Tversky, B. (2005). Multiple systems for spatial imagery: Transformations of objects and perspective. Spatial Cognition and Computation, 5, 271-306.

Fontaine, S., Edwards, G., Tversky, B., and Denis, M. (2005). Expert and non-expert knowledge of loosely structured environments. In D. Mark and T. Cohn (Editors), Spatial information theory: Cognitive and computational foundations. Berlin: Springer.

Tversky, B. (2005). Visualizing science. In. J. K. Gilbert (Editor). Visualizations in science education. Boston: Kluwer.

Tversky, B. (2005). How to get around by mind and body: Spatial thought, spatial action. In A. Zilhao (Editor), Cognition, evolution, and rationality: A cognitive science for the XXIst century. London, Routledge.

Lee, P. U. and Tversky, B. (2005). Interplay between visual and spatial: The effects of landmark descriptions on comprehension of route/survey descriptions. Spatial Cognition and Computation, 5 (2 &3), 163-185.

Tversky, B. (2005). Exploring parts and wholes. In J. Gero and M. Maher (Editors), Creativity in design. Pp. 1-16. Sydney: Key Centre for Design Research.

Morrison, J. B. and Tversky, B. (2005). Bodies and their parts. Memory and Cognition, 33, 696-709.

2004:

Tversky, B., Zacks, J. M., and Lee, P. (2004). Events by hand and feet. Spatial Cognition and Computation, 4, 5-14.

Tversky, B. (2004). Form and function. In L. A. Carlson & E. van der Zee (Editors), Functional features in language and space: Insights from perception, categorization and development. Pp. 331-347. Oxford: Oxford University Press.

Dudokovic, N., Marsh, E., and Tversky, B. (2004). Telling a story or telling it straight: The effects of entertaining versus accurate retellings on memory. Applied Cognitive Psychology,18, 125-143.

Heiser, J., Phan, D., Agrawala, M., Tversky, B., and Hanrahan, P. (2004). Identification and validation of cognitive design principles for automated generation of assembly instructions. Proceedings of Advanced Visual Interfaces '04. Pp. 311-319 ACM.

Tversky, B. (2004). Narratives of space, time, and life. Mind and Language, 19, 380-392.

Marsh, E. and Tversky, B. Spinning the stories of our lives. Applied Cognitive Psychology, 18, 491-503.

Gero, J. S., Tversky, B. and Knight, T. (2004). Visual and spatial reasoning in design III. Sydney: Key Centre for Design Research.Heiser, J., Tversky, B. and Silverman, M. (2004). Sketches for and from collaboration. In J. S. Gero, B. Tversky, and T. Knight (Editors). ). Visual and spatial reasoning in design III. Pp. 69-78. Sydney: Key Centre for Design Research.

Heiser, J. and Tversky, B. (2004).Characterizing diagrams produced by individuals and dyads. In T. Barkowsky (Editor). Spatial cognition: Reasoning, action, interaction. Pp. 214-223. Berlin: Springer-Verlag.

Tversky, B. (2004). Semantics, syntax, and pragmatics of graphics. In Holmqvist, K. and Ericsson, Y. (Eds). Language and visualisation. Pp. 141-158. Lund: Lund University Press.

2003:

Tversky, B. (2003). Structures of mental spaces: How people think about space. Environment and Behavior, 35, 66-80.

Tversky, B. (2003) Some ways graphics communicate. In K. Nyiri (Editor). Mobile communication: Essays on cognition and community. Pp. 143-156. Wien: Passagen Verlag.

Mainwaring, S. D. Tversky, B., Ohgishi, M. and Schiano, D. J. (2003). Descriptions of simple spatial scenes in English and Japanese. Spatial Cognition and Computation, 3, 3-42.

Tversky, B. (2003a). Navigating by mind and by body. In C. Freksa, W. Brauer, C. Habel, K. F. Wender (Editors), Spatial Cognition III: Routes and Navigation, Human Memory and Learning, Spatial Representation and Spatial Reasoning. Pp. 1-10. Berlin: Springer Verlag.

Agrawala, M., Phan, D., Heiser, J., Haymaker, J. Klingner, J., Hanrahan, P., and Tversky, B. (2003). Designing effective step-by-step assembly instructions. In Proceedings of SIGGRAPH 2003. ACM Transactions on Graphics, 929-937.

Tversky, B. (2003). Places: Points, planes, paths, and portions. In E. van der Zee and J. Slack (Editors), Representing direction in language and space. Pp. 132-143. Oxford: Oxford University Press.

Zacks, J. M. and Tversky, B. (2003). Structuring information interfaces for procedural learning. Journal of Experimental Psycholoogy: Applied, 9, 88-100.

Tversky, B., Suwa, M., Agrawala, M., Heiser, J., Stolte, C., Hanrahan, P.,Phan, D., Klingner, J., Daniel, M.-P., Lee, P. and Haymaker, J. (2003). Sketches for design and design of sketches. In Ugo Lindemann ( Editor), Human behavior in design: Individuals, teams, tools. Pp. 79-86. Berlin: Springer.

Martin, B. and Tversky, B. (2003). Segmenting ambiguous events. In Proceedings of the Cognitive Science Society Meetings.

Heiser, J. Tversky, B., Agrawala, M. , and Hanrahan, P. (2003). Cognitive design principles for visualizations: Revealing and instantiating. In Proceedings of the Cognitive Science Society Meetings.

Suwa, M. and Tversky, B. (2003). Constructive perception: A skill for coordinating perception and conception. In Proceedings of the Cognitive Science Society Meetings.

2002:

Tversky, B. (2002). What do sketches say about thinking? In T. Stahovic, J. Landay, and R. Davis (Editors), Proceedings of AAAI spring symposium on sketch understanding. Pp. Menlo Park, CA: AAAI Press.

Suwa, M. and Tversky, B. (2002). External representations contribute to the dynamic construction of ideas. In M. Hegarty, B. Meyer, and N. H. Narayanan (Editors), Diagrams 2002. Pp. 341-343. N. Y.: Springer-Verlag.

Emmorey, K., & Tversky, B. (2002). Spatial perspective in ASL. Sign Language and Linguistics, 5(1), 3-25.

Zacks, J. M., Ollinger, J. M, Sheridan, M., and Tversky, B. (2002). A parametric study of mental spatial transformations of bodies. Neuroimage, 16, 857-872.

Tversky, B., Morrison, J. B., & Zacks, J. (2002). On bodies and events . In A. Meltzoff & W. Prinz (Eds.) The imitative mind: Development, evolution and brain bases. Pp 221-232 Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

Tversky, B. (2002). Some ways that graphics communicate. In N. Allen (Editor), Words and images: New steps in an old dance. Pp. 57-74. Westport, CT: Ablex.

Zacks, J. M., Mires, J., Tversky, B., & Hazeltine, E. (2002). Mental spatial transformations of objects and perspective. Spatial Cognition & Computation, 2, 315-322.

Heiser, J. and Tversky, B. (2002). Diagrams and descriptions in acquiring complex systems. Proceedings of the Cognitive Science Society. Erlbaum: Hillsdale, N.J.

Tversky, B., Morrison, J. B. & Betrancourt, M (2002). Animation: Can it facilitate? International Journal of Human Computer Studies, 57, 247-262.

2001:

Byrant, D. J., Tversky, B., and Lanca, M. (2001). Retrieving spatial relations from observation and memory. In E. van der Zee & U. Nikanne (Eds.), Conceptual structure and its interfaces with other modules of representation. Pp. 116-139. Oxford: Oxford University Press.

Tversky, B. (2001). Spatial schemas in depictions. In M. Gattis (Ed.), Spatial schemas and abstract thought. Pp. 79-111. Cambridge: MIT Press.

Zacks, J., Tversky, B., & Iyer, G. (2001). Perceiving, remembering and communicating structure in events. Journal of Experimental Psychology: General, 136, 29-58.

Zacks, J., & Tversky, B. (2001). Event structure in perception and conception. Psychological Bulletin, 127, 3-21.

Zacks, J., Levy, E., Tversky, B., & Schiano, D. (2001). Graphs in use. In Anderson, M., Meyer, B., & Olivier, P. (Eds.), Diagrammatic Reasoning and Representation. Pp. 187-206. Berlin: Springer.

Suwa, M., & Tversky, B. (2001a). How do designers shift their focus of attention in their own sketches? In Anderson, M., Meyer, B., & Olivier, P. (Eds.), Diagrammatic Reasoning and Representation. Pp. 241-260. Berlin: Springer.

Morrison, J. B., and Tversky, B. (2001). The (In) effectiveness of animation in instruction. In Jacko, J. and Sears, A. (Editors), Chi 001: Extended Abstracts. Pp. 377-378. Danvers, MA: ACM.

Tversky, B. (2001). Multiple mental spaces. In J. S. Gero, B. Tversky, and T. Purcell (Editors). Visual and spatial reasoning in design. Pp. 3-13. Sydney, Australia: Key Centre of Design Computing and Cognition.

Suwa, M., Tversky, B. , Gero, J., and Purcell, T. (2001). Seeing into sketches: Regrouping parts encourages new interpretations. In J. S. Gero, B. Tversky, and T. Purcell (Editors). Visual and spatial reasoning in design. Pp. 207-219. Sydney, Australia: Key Centre of Design Computing and Cognition.

Suwa, M., & Tversky, B. (2001b). Constructive perception in design. In J. S. Gero & M. L. Maher (Eds.) Computational and cognitive models of creative design V. Pp.227-239. Sydney: University of Sydney.

Gero, J., Tversky, B., and Purcell, T. Editors. (2001).Visual and spatial reasoning in design. Sydney, Australia: Key Centre of Design Computing and Cognition.

Betrancourt, M. Morrison, J. B., and Tversky, B. (2001). Les animations sont-elles vraiment plus efficaces? Revue d'Intelligence Artificielle, 14, 149-166.

2000:

Betrancourt, M., & Tversky, B. (2000). Effects of computer animation on users' performance: A review. Le travail humain, 63, 311-329.

Tversky, B. (2000a). Levels and structure of cognitive mapping. In R. Kitchin & S. M. Freundschuh (Eds.). Cognitive mapping: Past, present and future. Pp. London: Routledge.

Tversky, B. (2000b). Remembering space. In E. Tulving & F. I. M. Craik (Eds.), Handbook of Memory. Pp. 363-378. New York: Oxford University Press.

Tversky, B. (2000c) Some ways that maps and graphs communicate. In Freksa, C., Brauer, W., Habel, C and Wender, K. F.. (Eds.), Spatial cognitiion II: Integrating abstract theories, empirical studies, formal methods, and practical applications. Pp. 72-79. N. Y.: Springer.

Tversky, B. (2000d). What maps reveal about spatial thinking. Developmental Science, 3, 281- 282.

Tversky, B., & Marsh, E. (2000).Biased retellings of events yield biased memories.Cognitive Psychology, 40, 1-38.

Tversky, B, Zacks, J., Lee, P. U., & Heiser, J. (2000).Lines, blobs, crosses, and arrows: Diagrammatic communication with schematic figures. In M. Anderson, P. Cheng, and V. Haarslev (Editors). Theory and application of diagrams. Pp. 221-230. Berlin: Springer.

Emmorey, K., Tversky, B., & Taylor, H. A. (2000) Using space to describe space: Perspective in speech, sign, and gesture. Journal of Spatial Cognition and Computation, 2, 157-180.

Tversky, B. (2000). Mental models. In A. E. Kazdin, (Editor.), Encyclopedia of Psychology. Washington, DC: APA Press.

Zacks, J. M., Mires, J., Tversky, B., and Hazeltine, E. (2000). Mental spatial transformations of objects and perspective. Journal of Spatial Cognition and Computation, 2, 315-332.

Tversky, B. (2000). Spatial cognition in psychology. In R. Goldstone (Editor), Encyclopedia of cognitive sciences. London: MacMillan.

Tversky, B. (2000). Mental models. In A. E. Kazdin, (Editor.), Encyclopedia of Psychology. Washington, DC: APA Press.

1999:

Bryant, D. J., & Tversky, B. (1999).Mental representations of spatial relations from diagrams and models. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory and Cognition, 25, 137-156.

Gero, J. S., & Tversky, B. (Editors). (1999). Visual and spatial reasoning in design. Sydney, Australia: Key Centre of Design Computing and Cognition.

Mark, D. M., Freksa, C., Hirtle, S.C., Lloyd, R., and Tversky, B., (1999). Cognitive models of geographic space. International Journal of Geographic Information Science, 13(8), 747-774.

Mark, D. M., Smith, B., & Tversky, B. (1999). Ontology and geographic objects: An empirical study of cognitive categorization. In Freksa, C., & Mark, D. M. (Eds.). Spatial information theory: cognitive and computational foundations of geographic information science. (pp. 283-298). Berlin: Springer.

Tversky, B. (1999a). Talking about space. Contemporary Psychology, 44, 39-40.

Tversky, B. (1999b). What does drawing reveal about thinking? In J. S. Gero & B. Tversky (Eds.), Visual and spatial reasoning in design. (pp. 93-101). Sydney, Australia: Key Centre of Design Computing and Cognition.

Tversky, B., Kim, J., & Cohen, A. (1999). Mental models of spatial relations and transformations from language. In C. Habel & G. Rickheit (Eds.), Mental models in discourse processing and reasoning. Pp. 239-258. Amsterdam: North-Holland.

Tversky, B., & Lee, P. U. (1999). Pictorial and verbal tools for conveying routes. In Freksa, C., & Mark, D. M. (Eds.). Spatial information theory: cognitive and computational foundations of geographic information science. (Pp. 51 64.) Berlin: Springer.

Tversky, B., Morrison, J. B., Franklin, N., & Bryant, D.J. (1999). Three spaces of spatial cognition. Professional Geographer, 51, 516-524.

Tversky, B. Lee, P. U., and Mainwaring, S. (1999). Why speakers mix perspectives.Journal of Spatial Cognition and Computation, 1, 399-412.

Zacks, J., Rypma, B., Gabrieli, J. D. E., Tversky, B., & Glover, G. H., (1999). Imagined transformations of the body: An fMRI study. Neuropsychologia, 37(9), 1029-1040.

Zacks, J., & Tversky, B. (1999). Bars and lines: A study of graphic communication. Memory and Cognition, 27, 1073-1079.

1998:

Tversky, B. (1998). Three dimensions of spatial cognition. In M. A. Conway, S. E. Gathercole, & C. Cornoldi (Eds.). Theories of memory II. (pp. 259-275). Hove, East Sussex: Psychological Press.

Tversky, B., & Lee, P. U. (1998). How space structures language. In C. Freksa, C. Habel, & K. F. Wender (Eds.), Spatial Cognition: An interdisciplinary approach to representation and processing of spatial knowledge. (Pp. 157-175). Berlin: Springer-Verlag.

Tversky, B., & Taylor, H. A. (1998). Acquiring spatial and temporal knowledge from language. In M. J. Egenhofer & R. G. Golledge (Eds.), Spatial and temporal reasoning. (pp. 155-166). N. Y.: Oxford.

Zacks, J., Levy, E., Tversky, B., & Schiano, D. J. (1998). Reading bar graphs: Effects of depth cues and graphical context. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied, 4, 119-138.

1997:

McBeath, M. K., Schiano, D. J., & Tversky, B. (1997). Three-dimensional bilateral symmetry bias in judgments of figural identity and orientation.Psychological Science, 8, 217-223.

Morrison, J. B., & Tversky, B. (1997). Body schemas. In M. G. Shafto & P. Langley (Eds.), Proceedings of the Meetings of the Cognitive Science Society. (pp. 525-529). Mahwah, NJ: Erlbaum.

Stein, N., Ornstein, P., Tversky, B., & Brainerd, C. (Eds.) (1997). Memory for emotion and everyday events. Mahwah, NJ: Erlbaum.

Suwa, M., & Tversky, B. (1997). What architects and students perceive in their sketches: A protocol analysis. Design Studies, 18, 385-403.

Taylor, H. A., & Tversky, B. (1997). Indexing events in memory: Evidence for index preferences. Memory, 5, 509-542.

Tversky, B. (1997a). Memory for pictures, environments, maps, and graphs. In D. Payne & F. Conrad (Eds.), Intersections in basic and applied memory research. (pp. 257-277). Mahwah, NJ: Erlbaum.

Tversky, B. (1997b). Spatial constructions. In N. Stein, P. Ornstein, B. Tversky, & C. Brainerd (Eds.) Memory for emotion and everyday events. (pp. 181-208). Mahwah, N. J.: Erlbaum.

Tversky, B., & Schiano, D. (1997).Distortions in visual memory: A Reply to Engebretson and Huttenlocher's Comments on Tversky and Schiano. Journal of Experimental Psychology: General, 126, 212-214.

Tversky, B., Taylor, H. A., & Mainwaring, S. (1997). Langage et perspective spatial(Spatial perspectives in language). In M. Denis (Ed.), Langage et cognition spatiale. (pp. 25-49). Paris: Masson.

Zacks, J., & Tversky, B. (1997). What's happening? The structure of event perception. Proceedings of the Meetings of the Cognitive Science Society. Mahwah, NJ: Erlbaum.

1996:

Levy, E., Zacks, J., Tversky, B., & Schiano, D. (1996). Gratuitous graphics: Putting preferences in perspective. Human factors in computing systems: Conference proceedings (pp. 42-49). NY: ACM.

Suwa, M., & Tversky, B. (1996).What architects see in their sketches: Implications for design tools. Human factors in computing systems: Conference companion (pp. 191-192). NY: ACM.

Taylor, H. A., & Tversky, B. (1996). Perspective in spatial descriptions. Journal of Memory and Language, 35, 371-391.

Tversky, B. (1996). Spatial perspective in descriptions. In P. Bloom, M. A. Peterson, L. Nadel, & M. Garrett (Eds.), Language and space. (pp. 463-491). Cambridge: MIT Press.

1995:

Bryant, D. J., Lanca, M., & Tversky, B. (1995). Spatial concepts and perception of physical and diagrammed scenes. Perceptual and Motor Skills, 81, 531-546.

Taylor, H. A., & Tversky, B. (1995). Assessing spatial representation using text. Geographical Systems, 2, 235-254.

Tversky, B. (1995a). Cognitive origins of graphic conventions. In F. T. Marchese (Ed.). Understanding images. (pp. 29-53). New York: Springer-Verlag.

Tversky, B. (1995b). Perception and cognition of 2D and 3D graphics. Human Factors in Computing Systems. (pp. 175). New York: ACM.

Tversky, B. (1995c). Some memory issues for the 90's. Applied Cognitive Psychology, 9, 451-452.

Tversky, B. (1995d). Speculations on cognitive origins of graphic conventions. In G. Ben Shakhar & A. Lieblich (Eds.), Studies in psychology: In honor of S. Kugelmass. (pp. 300-321). Jerusalem: Magnes Press.

1994:

Tversky, B. (1994). Experiments in cognitive psychology: Version 2. (A Macintos Laboratory). Stanford: Office of Technology Licensing.

Tversky, B., Franklin, N., Taylor, H. A., & Bryant, D. J. (1994).Spatial mental models from descriptions. Journal of the American Society for Information Science, 45(9), 656-668.

1993:

Tversky, B. (1993a).Cognitive maps, cognitive collages, and spatial mental models. In A. U. Frank & I. Campari (Eds.), Spatial information theory: A theoretical basis for GIS. (pp. 14-24). Berlin: Springer-Verlag.

Tversky, B. (1993b). Some challenges for a computational account of imagery. Computational Intelligence, 9, 362-365.

Tversky, B., & Clark, H. H. (1993). Prepositions aren't places. Brain and Behavioral Sciences, 16(2), 252-253.

1992:

Bryant, D. J., & Tversky, B. (1992). Assessing spatial frameworks with object and direction probes. Bulletin of the Psychonomic Society, 30, 29-32.

Bryant, D. J., Tversky, B., & Franklin, N. (1992).Internal and external spatial frameworks for representing described scenes. Journal of Memory and Language, 31, 74-98.

Franklin, N., Tversky, B., & Coon, V. (1992). Switching points of view in spatial mental models acquired from text. Memory and Cognition, 20, 507-518.

Schiano, D., & Tversky, B. (1992). Structure and strategy in viewing simple graphs. Memory and Cognition, 20, 12-20.

Taylor, H. A., & Tversky, B. (1992a). Descriptions and depictions of environments. Memory and Cognition, 20, 483-496.

Taylor, H. A., & Tversky, B. (1992b). Spatial mental models derived from survey and route descriptions. Journal of Memory and Language, 31, 261-282.

Tversky, B. (1992a). Distortions in cognitive maps. Geoforum, 23, 131-138.

Tversky, B. (1992b). Images before and behind the eye. Review of Images and Understanding, edited by H. Barlow, C. Blakemore & M. Weston-Smith. Contemporary Psychology, 37, 931-932.

Tversky, B. (1992c). Spatial mental representations. In N. H. Narayanan, B. Chandrasekaran, Y. Iwasaki, & H. Simon (Eds.), Reasoning with diagrammatic representations. Proceedings of the 1992 AAAI Spring Conference. AAAI Technical Report. Menlo Park, CA: AAAI.

1991:

Tversky, B. (1991a). Distortions in memory for visual displays. In S. R. Ellis (Ed.) & M. K. Kaiser & A. Grunwald (Assoc. Eds.), Pictorial communication in virtual and real environments (pp. 61-75). London: Taylor and Francis.

Tversky, B. (1991b).Spatial mental models. In G. H. Bower (Ed.), The Psychology of Learning and Motivation: Advances in Research and Theory. Vol. 27 (pp. 109-145). N. Y.: Academic Press.

Tversky, B., & Hemenway, K. (1991). Parts and the basic level in natural categories and artificial stimuli: Comments on Murphy (1991). Memory and Cognition, 19, 439-442.

Tversky, B., Kugelmass, S., & Winter, A. (1991). Cross-cultural and developmental trends in graphic productions. Cognitive Psychology, 23, 515-557.

1990:

Franklin, N., & Tversky, B. (1990).Searching imagined environments. Journal of Experimental Psychology: General, 119, 63-76.

Tversky, B. (1990a). Experiments in cognitive psychology (A Macintosh Laboratory). Stanford University: Office of Technology Licensing. Distinguished Software Award, EDUCOM/NCRIPTAL, 1990.

Tversky, B. (1990b). Where partonomies and taxonomies meet. In S. L. Tsohatzidis(Ed.), Meanings and prototypes: Studies on linguistic categorization (pp. 334-344). London: Routledge.

1985-1989

Tversky, B. (1989). Parts, partonomies, and taxonomies. Developmental Psychology,25, 983-995.

Tversky, B., & Schiano, D. (1989). Perceptual and conceptual factors in distortions in memory for maps and graphs. Journal of Experimental Psychology: General, 118, 387-398.

Tversky, B., & Tuchin, M. (1989). A reconciliation of evidence on eyewitness testimony: Comments on McCloskey & Zaragoza (1985). Journal of Experimental Psychology: General, 118, 86-91.

Novick, L. R., & Tversky, B. (1987).Cognitive constraints on ordering operations: The case of geometric analogies. Journal of Experimental Psychology: General, 116, 50-67.

Tversky, B. (1985a). Categories and parts. In C. Craig & T. Givon (Eds.), Noun classes and categorization (pp. 63-75). Philadelphia: John Benjamins Publishing Co.

Tversky, B. (1985b). The development of taxonomic organization in named and pictured categories. Developmental Psychology, 21, 1111-1119.

Tversky, B., & Baratz, D. (1985). Memory for faces: Are caricatures better than photographs? Memory and Cognition, 13, 45-49.

1980-1984:

Tversky, B. (1984). Citation classic. Current Contents, 16, 13, 18.

Tversky, B., & Hemenway, K. (1984). Objects, parts, and categories. Journal of Experimental Psychology: General, 113, 169-193.

Freyd, J., & Tversky, B. (1983).The force of symmetry in form perception. American Journal of Psychology, 97, 109-126.

Tversky, B., & Hemenway, K. (1983). Categories of scenes. Cognitive Psychology, 15, 121-149.

Tversky, B. (1982). Rebirth of Learning. Review of J. R. Anderson (Ed.), Cognitive skills and their acquisition. Contemporary Psychology, 27, 679-80.

Melkman, R., Tversky, B., & Baratz, D. (1981). Developmental trends in the use of perceptual and conceptual attributes in grouping, clustering and retrieval. Journal of Experimental Child Psychology, 31, 470-486.

Tversky, B. (1981). Distortions in memory for maps. Cognitive Psychology, 13, 407-433.

1975-1979:

Tversky, B. (1979). Pictorial representations in adults and children. Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology, 31, 397-408.

Tversky, B., Havousha, S., & Poller, A. (1979). Noun-modifier order in a semantic verification task. Bulletin of the Psychonomic Society, 13, 31-34.

Tversky, B., & Teiffer, E. (1976). Development of strategies for recall and recognition. Developmental Psychology, 12, 406-410.

Tversky, B. (1975). Pictorial encoding in sentence-picture comparison. Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology, 27, 405-410.

Tversky, B., & Sherman, T. (1975). Picture-memory improves with longer on-time and off-time. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Learning and Memory, 104 (2), 114-118.

1969-1974:

Tversky, B. (1974a). Breadth of pictorial and verbal codes in memory. Bulletin of the Psychonomic Science Society, 4, 65-68.

Tversky, B. (1974b). Eye fixations in prediction of recognition and recall. Memory and Cognition, 2, 275-278.

Tversky, B. (1974c). Retrieval of pictorial and verbal stimulus codes. Bulletin of the Psychonomic Science Society, 4 (6), 580-581.

Tversky, B.(1973a). Encoding processes in recognition and recall. Cognitive Psychology, 5, 275-287.

Tversky, B. (1973b). Pictorial and verbal encoding in pre-school children. Developmental Psychology, 8, 149-153.

Tversky, B. (1969). Pictorial and verbal encoding in a short-term memory task. Perception & Psychophysics, 5, 225-233.